Everything about Marie Fran Ois Sadi Carnot totally explained
For the French physicist and uncle of Marie François, see Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot.
Marie François Sadi Carnot (
August 11,
1837 –
June 25,
1894) was a
French statesman, the fourth president of the
Third French Republic. He served as the
President of France from
1887 until his assassination in 1894.
Early life
He was the son of the statesman,
Hippolyte Carnot, and was born in
Limoges. He was educated as a
civil engineer, and after having highly distinguished himself at the
École Polytechnique and the
École des Ponts et Chaussées, obtained an appointment in the public service. His hereditary
republicanism caused the government of national defence to entrust him in 1870 with the task of organizing resistance in the
départements of the
Eure,
Calvados and
Seine Inférieure, and he was made prefect of Seine Inférieure in January 1871. In the following month he was elected to the
French National Assembly by the
département Côte-d'Or. In August 1878 he was appointed secretary to the minister of public works. In September 1880 he became minister, and again in April 1885, passing almost immediately to the
ministry of finance, which he held under both the
Ferry and the
Freycinet administrations until December 1886.
Presidency
When the
Daniel Wilson scandals occasioned the downfall of
Jules Grévy in December 1887, Carnot's reputation for integrity made him a candidate for the presidency, and he obtained the support of
Georges Clemenceau and many others, so that he was elected by 616 votes out of 827. He assumed office at a critical period, when the republic was all but openly attacked by
General Boulanger.
President Carnot's ostensible part during this agitation was confined to augmenting his popularity by well-timed appearances on public occasions, which gained credit for the presidency and the republic. When early in 1889, Boulanger was finally driven into exile, it fell to Carnot to appear as head of the state on two occasions of special interest, the celebration of the centenary of the
French Revolution in
1889 and the opening of the
Paris Exhibition of the same year. The success of both was regarded as a popular ratification of the republic, and though continually harassed by the formation and dissolution of ephemeral ministries, by socialist outbreaks, and the beginnings of
anti-Semitism, Carnot had only one serious crisis to surmount, the
Panama scandals of 1892, which, if they greatly damaged the prestige of the state, increased the respect felt for its head, against whose integrity none could breathe a word.
Carnot was reaching the zenith of popularity, when, on June 24, 1894, after delivering at a public banquet at
Lyon a speech in which he appeared to imply that he nevertheless wouldn't seek re-election, he was stabbed by an Italian
anarchist named
Sante Geronimo Caserio and died shortly after midnight on the 25th. The stabbing aroused widespread horror and grief, and the president was honoured with an elaborate funeral ceremony in the
Panthéon, Paris.
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